Isakhiwo esinamandla se-titanium dioxide (i-TIO2): ityhila iipropathi zayo ezinomdla

Yazisa:

Kwintsimi yesazinzulu yenzululwazi,I-titanium dioxide(I-TIO2) ivele njengenxalenye enomdla ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Le computha ineepropathi ezigqwesileyo kunye nezamzimba, ezenza ukuba kube yinyani kumacandelo amaqela ophuhliso. Ukwenzela ukuba uqonde ngokupheleleyo iimpawu zayo ezizodwa, i-ticoxium dioxide yediyxide kufuneka ifundwe ngobunzulu. Kweli phulo lebhlog, siya kuphonononga ubume beTitanium diokside kwaye sikhanyise izizathu ezisisiseko emva kweepropathi zabo ezikhethekileyo.

1. Isakhiwo sekristali:

I-titanium diokside inesakhiwo sekristali, simiselwe ngokuyintloko lilungiselelo elahlukileyo leeathom. NangonaI-tio2Inemigangatho emithathu ye-crystalline (i-Atatiase, iRutile, kunye neBrook), siya kugxila kwezona ndlela zimbini ziqhelekileyo: I-rutle kwaye icacile.

A. Isakhiwo seRuile:

Isigaba se-rutle esaziwa ngobume bayo be-tetragonal, apho i-atonium nganye ye-atonium ijikelezwe ziiathom ezintandathu zeoksijini, zenza i-octahedron ejijekileyo. Eli lungiselelo liququzelela ungqilelo lweatomic ngenkqubo ye-tesigen esondeleyo. Eli sakhiwo linika i-rutle engaqhelekanga kunye nokuqina, okwenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iipeyinti, i-ceramics, kunye nelanga.

B. Ulwakhiwo lwe-AATAX:

Kwimeko ye-Anatiase, ii-atom ze-titanium zigqunywe ziiathom zeoksijini ezintlanu, zenza i-octahedrons eyabelana ngemiphetho. Ke ngoko, eli lungiselelo likhokelela kwisakhiwo esivulekileyo kunye nee-atom ezimbalwa kwimogaqo ethe tyaba ngokuthelekisa i-rutle. Ngaphandle kokuxinana kwe-apity yayo, i-Anatiase ibonakalisa iiPropathi zePhepha eziPhezulu, zenza ukuba ibe licandelo elibalulekileyo kwiiseli zelanga, iinkqubo zokucoca umoya kunye nengubo yokuzicoca ngokwakho.

I-2. I-Ball Bight Gap:

Ibhendi yamandla lolunye uphawu olubalulekileyo lwe-TIO2 kwaye inegalelo kwiipropathi zalo ezizodwa. Lo msantsa umisela ukwenziwa kombane kwezemibhongo kunye nemvakalelo yayo yokukhanya.

A. Isakhiwo seqela le-rutile:

Rutle tio2Ine-band emxinwa e-3.0 e-EV, eyenza ibe ngumqhubi wombane olinganiselweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ulwakhiwo lwayo lweqela linokufumana ukukhanya (uv)

B. Isakhiwo seqela le-Anatie:

I-AATAS, kwelinye icala, ibonisa i-jaber yeqela elibanzi le-3.2 EV. Olu phawu lunika umsebenzi obalaseleyo we-tio2 ogqwesileyo. Xa ityhilwe kukukhanya, ii-elektroni kwibhendi ye-valence zinemincili kwaye zitsiba ukuya kwibhendi yokusebenza, ebangela ukuba i-oxidation enye kunye nokuncitshiswa kwenzeke. Ezi ndawo zivulekileyo kusetyenziswa ucango lwezicelo ezinjengokucocwa kwamanzi kunye nokuncitshiswa kongcoliseko lomoya.

3. Iziphene kunye nohlengahlengiso:

IUbume be-tio2ayikho ngaphandle kweempazamo. Ezi ziphene kunye nezixhobo zichaphazela kakhulu iipropathi zabo zomzimba kunye nekhemikhali.

A. Izithuba ze-OXYGEN:

Iziphene ngohlobo lwezithuba zeoksijini ngaphakathi kwe-tio2 laptice yazisa i-elektroni engafakwanga i-elektroniki, ekhokelela ekunyukeni komsebenzi owongezelelekileyo kunye nokwenziwa kwamaziko emibala.

B. Ukulungiswa okungaphezulu:

Ukulungiswa komhlaba olawulwa, njengokwenza ezinye ii-ions zentsimbi okanye ukusebenza ngempumelelo kunye ne-organic comples, kunokuphucula ngakumbi iipropathi ezithile ze-TIO2. Umzekelo, ukucofa iintsimbi ezinje ngeplatinam kunokuphucula intsebenzo yayo, ngelixa amaqela e-organic esebenzayo anokuphucula uzinzo lwezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nefotocacaguges.

Ukuququmbela:

Ukuqonda imeko engaqhelekanga ye-TIO2 kubalulekile ekuqondeni iipropathi zayo ezimangalisayo kunye noluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa. Ifom nganye ye-Crystalline ye-TIO2 ineepropathi ezahlukileyo, ukusuka kwisakhiwo se-tetragonal sutile kwiSigaba se-Anatie esivulekileyo, esineefoto. Ngokuhlola izithuba zebhendi yamandla kunye neziphene ngaphakathi kwezixhobo, izazinzulu zinokwenza ngakumbi qwa ngakumbi iipropathi zabo zezicelo ezivela kwiindlela zokucoca ukuvunwa kwamandla. Njengoko siqhubeka siphinda-phinda iimfihlakalo zeTitanium diokside, amandla ayo kuhlaselo lwemizi-mveliso kuhleli ethembisayo.